The analysis of marine sediments represents a fundamental approach for assessing anthropogenic pressures on aquatic environments, as sediments act as long-term sinks for a wide range of contaminants. These substances can accumulate within sediment matrices and may be released back into the water column under changing environmental conditions, potentially affecting ecosystem health [1]. In recent years, emerging contaminants (ECs) have attracted increasing attention due to their presence, widespread use and limited regulatory control, making their reliable determination in sediments particularly relevant [2]. Traditionally, contaminant extraction relies on techniques such as ultrasonic bath extraction (US), often combined with additional clean-up procedures. While analytically reliable, these methods are generally characterised by high solvent consumption, long extraction times and limited flexibility in the adjustment of key operational parameters [1]. Repurposing devices originally designed for everyday use offers an innovative and cost-effective alternative. Domestic coffee makers, such as the Moka pot, enable solid-liquid-vapor extraction under elevated temperatures and moderately high pressures [3]. However, conventional Moka pots provide limited control over extraction conditions. To overcome this limitation, the present study investigates the application of a Moka-like coffee machine, the Kamira, which allows improved control of solvent volume and extraction parameters while achieving complete extraction in a reduced time (30-40 seconds) [4]. A comparative evaluation of three extraction techniques (US, Moka-pot and Kamira extraction) was conducted using Antarctic marine sediments from Banca Campioni Ambientali Antartici. The Kamira approach showed better performance and was identified as the most suitable method for further optimisation. Extraction parameters were subsequently optimised using a mixture process design, evaluating both process variables (solvent-to-sample ratio and acid concentration) and mixture variables (solvent composition). The results indicated that mixture variables were generally more influential and that the optimal extraction was achieved with an ethanol-water solvent mixture. This method represents an innovative and sustainable alternative for sediment analysis by significantly reducing solvent consumption, extraction time and energy demand. Overall, the approach offers a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly solution for monitoring ECs in sensitive ecosystems. [1] Kuznetsove OV, Timerbaev AR. Marine sediment analysis – A review of advanced approaches and practices focused on contaminants Anal. Chim. Acta. 2022, 1209, 339640. [2] Khan S, Naushad M, Govarthanan M, Iqbal J, Alfadul SM. Emerging contaminants of high concern for the environment: Current trends and future research. Environ. Res. 2022, 207, 112609. [3] Baglietto M, Benedetti B, Di Carro M, Magi E (2024) Assessing the potentialities of an easy-to-use sample treatment strategy: Multivariate investigation on “Moka extraction” of typical ingredients from dietary supplements. Adv. Sample Prep. 2024, 10, 100110. [4] Santoro N. Kamira Espresso Cremoso. https://www.espressokamira.net/
Towards Greener Sediment Analysis Using Repurposed Coffee Machines
Gambetta Vianna, J.;Magi, E.
2026
Abstract
The analysis of marine sediments represents a fundamental approach for assessing anthropogenic pressures on aquatic environments, as sediments act as long-term sinks for a wide range of contaminants. These substances can accumulate within sediment matrices and may be released back into the water column under changing environmental conditions, potentially affecting ecosystem health [1]. In recent years, emerging contaminants (ECs) have attracted increasing attention due to their presence, widespread use and limited regulatory control, making their reliable determination in sediments particularly relevant [2]. Traditionally, contaminant extraction relies on techniques such as ultrasonic bath extraction (US), often combined with additional clean-up procedures. While analytically reliable, these methods are generally characterised by high solvent consumption, long extraction times and limited flexibility in the adjustment of key operational parameters [1]. Repurposing devices originally designed for everyday use offers an innovative and cost-effective alternative. Domestic coffee makers, such as the Moka pot, enable solid-liquid-vapor extraction under elevated temperatures and moderately high pressures [3]. However, conventional Moka pots provide limited control over extraction conditions. To overcome this limitation, the present study investigates the application of a Moka-like coffee machine, the Kamira, which allows improved control of solvent volume and extraction parameters while achieving complete extraction in a reduced time (30-40 seconds) [4]. A comparative evaluation of three extraction techniques (US, Moka-pot and Kamira extraction) was conducted using Antarctic marine sediments from Banca Campioni Ambientali Antartici. The Kamira approach showed better performance and was identified as the most suitable method for further optimisation. Extraction parameters were subsequently optimised using a mixture process design, evaluating both process variables (solvent-to-sample ratio and acid concentration) and mixture variables (solvent composition). The results indicated that mixture variables were generally more influential and that the optimal extraction was achieved with an ethanol-water solvent mixture. This method represents an innovative and sustainable alternative for sediment analysis by significantly reducing solvent consumption, extraction time and energy demand. Overall, the approach offers a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly solution for monitoring ECs in sensitive ecosystems. [1] Kuznetsove OV, Timerbaev AR. Marine sediment analysis – A review of advanced approaches and practices focused on contaminants Anal. Chim. Acta. 2022, 1209, 339640. [2] Khan S, Naushad M, Govarthanan M, Iqbal J, Alfadul SM. Emerging contaminants of high concern for the environment: Current trends and future research. Environ. Res. 2022, 207, 112609. [3] Baglietto M, Benedetti B, Di Carro M, Magi E (2024) Assessing the potentialities of an easy-to-use sample treatment strategy: Multivariate investigation on “Moka extraction” of typical ingredients from dietary supplements. Adv. Sample Prep. 2024, 10, 100110. [4] Santoro N. Kamira Espresso Cremoso. https://www.espressokamira.net/
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