The excavation carried out at Riparo Mezzena during 1957 by F. Zorzi and A. Pasa (Museo di Storia Naturale di Verona) revealed a stratigraphic sequence of about 1,5-1,7 m – corresponding at least to 3 different anthropogenic layers – had been identifi ed (bottom-up: III, II, I) very rich in both artefacts, fauna and human remains. In 1977 Bartolomei (1980) verifi ed the stratigraphy by sampling the witness left in 1957 aiming at comparing the paleoenvironmental indications and the chrono-cultural assignements proposed by Pasa and Zorzi. According to alpine chronology of the time, the authors attributed layer II to the Würm II while layer III was thought to correspond to a slightly older period. Recent revision referred the whole deposit to MIS 3 according to isotopic chronology. The present work deals with the fi rst results of the “Human fossils from the Verona area” revision project devoted to Riparo Mezzena Mousterian layers. Herein will be presented the new data related to anatomical analyses - of the parietal (R and L), frontal and occipital bones fragments as well as the jaw, compared to the contemporaneous European Neandertals and the techno-economical study of the lithic assemblage from layer III. The lithic assemblage is referred to the cultural context of La Ferrassie Charentian Mousterian, which characterized even the upper layer II assemblage. The latter, though, is characterized by a strong reduction in the Levallois production. A devoted discussion to the technology of the layer III will be given. The data relating to palaeogenetic analyses is presented too: the Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been retrieved for the fi rst time from a Neandertal specimen of Italian origin (NRM). The results show that the genetic diversity of the Neandertals has been largely underestimated. They suggest that Neandertal population was extensively subdivided geographically, and that its genetic diversity changed markedly over time. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) which regulates pigmentation in humans and other vertebrates had been amplifi ed and sequenced a fragment of the MC1R gene (mc1r). The impaired activity of this variant could have caused neandertals to have red hair and/or pale skin. The data from Mezzena suggest that inactive MC1R variants evolved independently in both modern humans and Neandertals.

Scavi sistematici furono condotti a Riparo Mezzena nel 1957 da F. Zorzi e A. Pasa, durante i quali fu esplorata una sequenza stratigrafica di circa 1,5 - 1,7 m. Furono identifi cati almeno tre livelli antropici (dal basso verso l’alto strato III, II, I) ricchi in manufatti litici, resti di fauna e reperti umani. Nel 1977 Bartolomei (1980) eseguì una verifi ca stratigrafi ca sul testimone con l’obiettivo di riscontrare le considerazioni paleoambientali e le attribuzioni crono-culturali effettuate da Pasa e Zorzi. Sulla base della cronologia alpina, allora in uso, gli autori attribuirono lo strato II al Würm II, mentre lo strato III ad un periodo di poco precedente. L’attuale cronologia isotopica inserisce questo deposito all’interno del MIS 3. Nell’ambito del progetto di revisione dei “Fossili umani del veronese” è stato ripreso lo studio dei fossili del Riparo Mezzena rinvenuti nei livelli musteriani. Sono qui presentati i nuovi dati relativi all’analisi anatomica dei frammenti di parietale (dx e sn) di frontale e di occipitale e una mandibola. Sono riassunti anche i nuovi dati relativi all’esame paleogenetico del DNA mitocondriale ed in particolare sul genoma nucleare; è stato analizzato il gene mc1R che regola la pigmentazione nell’uomo e nei vertebrati in genere. Le analisi funzionali su queste varianti hanno mostrato che le funzionalità dell’espressione in questo gene erano ridotte e per tanto, chi le possedeva, aveva i capelli rossi e la pelle chiara. Finora inediti, vengono presentati i dati relativi alle analisi tecno-economiche dell’insieme litico dello strato III. Il contesto culturale da cui i reperti antropici provengono è rappresentato da industria litica riferibile ad un musteriano di tipo Ferrassie orientale, il quale caratterizza anche il complesso litico contenuto nel sopragiacente strato II dove si osserva però una forte riduzione della produzione Levallois. È qui presentata l’analisi tecnologica dell’insieme litico dello strato III.

Il sito Musteriano di Riparo Mezzena presso Avesa (Verona, Italia). Aggiornamenti metodologici e nuovi dati paleoantropologici e paleocomportamentali

LONGO L
2008-01-01

Abstract

The excavation carried out at Riparo Mezzena during 1957 by F. Zorzi and A. Pasa (Museo di Storia Naturale di Verona) revealed a stratigraphic sequence of about 1,5-1,7 m – corresponding at least to 3 different anthropogenic layers – had been identifi ed (bottom-up: III, II, I) very rich in both artefacts, fauna and human remains. In 1977 Bartolomei (1980) verifi ed the stratigraphy by sampling the witness left in 1957 aiming at comparing the paleoenvironmental indications and the chrono-cultural assignements proposed by Pasa and Zorzi. According to alpine chronology of the time, the authors attributed layer II to the Würm II while layer III was thought to correspond to a slightly older period. Recent revision referred the whole deposit to MIS 3 according to isotopic chronology. The present work deals with the fi rst results of the “Human fossils from the Verona area” revision project devoted to Riparo Mezzena Mousterian layers. Herein will be presented the new data related to anatomical analyses - of the parietal (R and L), frontal and occipital bones fragments as well as the jaw, compared to the contemporaneous European Neandertals and the techno-economical study of the lithic assemblage from layer III. The lithic assemblage is referred to the cultural context of La Ferrassie Charentian Mousterian, which characterized even the upper layer II assemblage. The latter, though, is characterized by a strong reduction in the Levallois production. A devoted discussion to the technology of the layer III will be given. The data relating to palaeogenetic analyses is presented too: the Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been retrieved for the fi rst time from a Neandertal specimen of Italian origin (NRM). The results show that the genetic diversity of the Neandertals has been largely underestimated. They suggest that Neandertal population was extensively subdivided geographically, and that its genetic diversity changed markedly over time. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) which regulates pigmentation in humans and other vertebrates had been amplifi ed and sequenced a fragment of the MC1R gene (mc1r). The impaired activity of this variant could have caused neandertals to have red hair and/or pale skin. The data from Mezzena suggest that inactive MC1R variants evolved independently in both modern humans and Neandertals.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10278/3739651
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