Technological complexity and global capabilities in SMEs. A survey in an Italian industrial region

This paper examines whether SMEs’ technological complexity relates to international organisational arrangements and performance in global market. Using a survey of almost 2,000 firms in Veneto region, combined with official microdata, we construct a firm-level Technological Complexity Index summarising the diversity and ubiquity of adopted digital technologies. Higher TCI is associated with a greater probability of exporting, as well as broader destination scope, both in terms of countries served and geo-economic areas reached. Firms with higher TCI also report more comprehensive international organisation (product customisation, adapted logistics, post-sale services, dedicated offices, foreign partnerships), and these arrangements are positively associated with export outcomes. Policy implications point to targeted support for technological upgrading and skills formation, alongside incentives that facilitate complementary organisational capabilities.