Tracing the origin of Roman mosaic tiles in Aquileia: Petrographic analysis of specimens from the suburbium

This research represents the most extensive characterisation of Roman mosaic tesserae (tiles) from Aquileia, Italy, to date, examining 153 specimens. The study aimed to identify the lithotypes used in mosaics production through a multi-analytical approach, which included colorimetric analysis, polarised light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showcase a variety of materials, particularly limestone sourced from the Italian and the Slovenian Karst regions, as well as colourful lithic materials from distant locations. These findings expand current knowledge beyond the limited scientific literature on Aquileian mosaics and can inform further studies on sourcing strategies, local socio-economic connections and craftsmanship of the Roman era.