This paper examines the construction and evolution of the myth of the “Schism of 1054,” showing how a limited historical event gradually became the symbolic moment of rupture between the Eastern and Western Churches. Alessandra Bucossi retraces the medieval sources—from the correspondence between Leo of Ohrid, Michael Cerularius, Leo IX, and Peter of Antioch, to synodal acts and theological treatises—in order to separate historical facts from later ideological elaborations. She demonstrates that the controversy over the use of unleavened bread, rather than the Filioque, was the true theological focus of the eleventh century, and that the memory of 1054 was shaped in the thirteenth century, especially during the debates surrounding the Council of Lyons (1274), when Cerularius came to embody the division between Rome and Constantinople. Through a diachronic analysis, the chapter reveals how a historical “non-event” evolved into a powerful theological and political myth that continued to shape the narrative of East–West relations for centuries.

Questo contributo analizza la costruzione e l’evoluzione del mito dello “scisma del 1054”, mostrando come un evento di portata limitata nel suo contesto storico sia stato reinterpretato nei secoli fino a diventare simbolo della frattura tra la Chiesa d’Oriente e quella d’Occidente. Alessandra Bucossi ripercorre le fonti medievali – dalle lettere dei protagonisti, Leone di Ocrida, Michele Cerulario, Leone IX e Pietro di Antiochia, ai documenti sinodali e ai trattati teologici – per distinguere i fatti dalle successive elaborazioni ideologiche. L’autrice evidenzia come il tema delle azzime, più che il Filioque, fosse al centro del dibattito dell’XI secolo, e come la memoria dello scisma sia stata plasmata nel XIII secolo, in particolare durante le trattative dell’Unione di Lione (1274), quando Cerulario fu trasformato nel simbolo della divisione tra Roma e Costantinopoli. Attraverso un’analisi diacronica, il capitolo mostra come un “non-evento” storico sia divenuto un potente mito teologico e politico, destinato a influenzare per secoli la percezione dei rapporti tra le due Chiese.

La costruzione del mito del 1054: fonti medievali e riletture, contemporane

Alessandra Bucossi
2025-01-01

Abstract

This paper examines the construction and evolution of the myth of the “Schism of 1054,” showing how a limited historical event gradually became the symbolic moment of rupture between the Eastern and Western Churches. Alessandra Bucossi retraces the medieval sources—from the correspondence between Leo of Ohrid, Michael Cerularius, Leo IX, and Peter of Antioch, to synodal acts and theological treatises—in order to separate historical facts from later ideological elaborations. She demonstrates that the controversy over the use of unleavened bread, rather than the Filioque, was the true theological focus of the eleventh century, and that the memory of 1054 was shaped in the thirteenth century, especially during the debates surrounding the Council of Lyons (1274), when Cerularius came to embody the division between Rome and Constantinople. Through a diachronic analysis, the chapter reveals how a historical “non-event” evolved into a powerful theological and political myth that continued to shape the narrative of East–West relations for centuries.
2025
Profili del secolo XI. Atti della LXXI Settimana di studio (Spoleto, 4-10 aprile 2024)
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10278/5066081
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