Non-porous carbonaceous materials derived from coffee waste grounds as highly sustainable anodes for lithium-ion batteries

A carbonaceous material with desirable properties for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was successfully obtained using a low cost and eco-environmental approach based on the mechanochemical dry milling of spent coffee grounds (SCG) followed by further carbonization at 800 °C. The spent coffee grounds derived carbon material (C-SCG) was employed as anodic material delivering a specific capacity of 360 mAh g−1 in the second cycle at current density of 0.1 A g−1. Additionally, the C-SCG material exhibited a competitive anode performance with a reversible capacity of 285 mAh g−1 and a remarkable coulombic efficiency nearly to 100% from the 2nd cycle. The resulting LIBs showed remarkable capacities retention over 100 cycles with a decay rate per cycle of 0.23%. This work contributes to the development of eco-environmental batteries using low-cost materials as a promising solution for increasing energy storage demands.