Background and Aims: Inflammatory and atherogenic effect of nutrients has been proposed but epidemiological studies provide conflicting results on its relevance for Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) risk. The biological significance has been postulated by screening of few, general inflammatory biomarkers. To unveil these relations, we harnessed a targeted panel of proteomics and metabolomics biomarkers, that we previously related to CVDs. Methods: During the basal visit of the “PLIC” Study in Milan (’99-’01), dietary habits of 474 subjects without pre-clinical carotid atherosclerosis (“SCA”), determined by carotid ultrasonography, were collected. Dietary records were analyzed to (i) derive the percentage of energy intake from nutrients (En%) and (ii) estimate the pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of diet via the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). We measured 368 proteins plasma expression (OlinkTM) and the entire panel of NightingaleTM metabolomics to validate the biological relevance of the estimated pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of diet (DII below/above the cohort median). Next, all subjects were re-evaluated after 11 years (10-11, 25th-75th percentiles) to assess the development of SCA. Results: At the basal visit, pro-inflammatory potential of diet was associated with increased En%SFA decreased En%PUFA and fiber. Machine Learning analysis (XgBoostClassifier) underscored metabolomics inflammatory proteins (19 in total) that predicted the pro-inflammatory potential of diet (AUC[CI 95%]:0.741[0.591-0.941],p=0.024). Higher DII values at basal visit predicted the SCA developement at follow-up: subjects that developed SCA (n=203) presented with higher basal DII (1.80[0.84.-2.49]) as compared to subjects that did not (1.48[0.76-2.17]),p=0.016). Conclusions: We support a plausible inflammatory potential of diet, predicting the development of pre-clinical atherosclerosis. Larger studies are warranted to confirm this possibility.
The inflammatory potential of diet is associated with future development of pre-clinical carotid atherosclerosis
Sabrina Tamburini;
2023-01-01
Abstract
Background and Aims: Inflammatory and atherogenic effect of nutrients has been proposed but epidemiological studies provide conflicting results on its relevance for Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) risk. The biological significance has been postulated by screening of few, general inflammatory biomarkers. To unveil these relations, we harnessed a targeted panel of proteomics and metabolomics biomarkers, that we previously related to CVDs. Methods: During the basal visit of the “PLIC” Study in Milan (’99-’01), dietary habits of 474 subjects without pre-clinical carotid atherosclerosis (“SCA”), determined by carotid ultrasonography, were collected. Dietary records were analyzed to (i) derive the percentage of energy intake from nutrients (En%) and (ii) estimate the pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of diet via the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). We measured 368 proteins plasma expression (OlinkTM) and the entire panel of NightingaleTM metabolomics to validate the biological relevance of the estimated pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of diet (DII below/above the cohort median). Next, all subjects were re-evaluated after 11 years (10-11, 25th-75th percentiles) to assess the development of SCA. Results: At the basal visit, pro-inflammatory potential of diet was associated with increased En%SFA decreased En%PUFA and fiber. Machine Learning analysis (XgBoostClassifier) underscored metabolomics inflammatory proteins (19 in total) that predicted the pro-inflammatory potential of diet (AUC[CI 95%]:0.741[0.591-0.941],p=0.024). Higher DII values at basal visit predicted the SCA developement at follow-up: subjects that developed SCA (n=203) presented with higher basal DII (1.80[0.84.-2.49]) as compared to subjects that did not (1.48[0.76-2.17]),p=0.016). Conclusions: We support a plausible inflammatory potential of diet, predicting the development of pre-clinical atherosclerosis. Larger studies are warranted to confirm this possibility.
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