The subject advantage in LIS internally headed relative clauses: an eye-tracking study

The scarce literature on the processing of Internally Headed Relative Clauses (IHRCs) seems to challenge the universality of the subject advantage (e.g., Lau & Tanaka, 2021, for spoken languages; Hauser et al., 2021, for sign languages). In this study, we investigate the comprehension of subject and object IHRCs in Italian Sign Language (LIS) deaf native and non-native signers, and hearing LIS/Italian CODAs (Children of Deaf Adults). We use the eye-tracking Visual-only World Paradigm (Hauser & Pozniak, 2019) recording online and offline responses. Results show that a subject advantage is detected in the online and offline responses of CODAs and in the offline responses of deaf native signers. Results also reveal a higher rate of accuracy in CODAs’ responses. We discuss the difference in performance between the two populations in the light of bilingualism-related cognitive advantages, and lack of proper educational training in Italian for the deaf population in Italy.