Rules and Regularities: Retrospectives on three Ministerial Crises during Covid Emergency.

During the first pandemic wave, three parliamentary democracies had to organise the response to the health emergency in a period of ministerial crisis. The rules regulating government formation in a parliamentary system therefore had to be flexible enough to adapt to the situation. This makes it possible, some time later, to analyse the extent to which these rules are distinguishable from the regularities that are reproduced in ordinary times.