On the raison d’être of the notion of Sprachbund, with special reference to languages in China

The term "Sprachbund" denotes the phenomenon of structural convergence among linguistically unrelated or distantly related languages that have coexisted in the same region for an extended period. While extensive research has been conducted on Sprachbünde, a consistent and universally accepted definition remains absent, rendering the concept occasionally vague and questionable. Consequently, this paper proposes the establishment of precise and stringent criteria for identifying Sprachbünde, grounded in historical evidence. By defining Sprachbünde based on similar formative contexts, this approach ensures comparability and allows scholars to delve into the mechanisms and consequences of language contact. China's rich history, vast geographical expanse, diverse ethnicities, and multitude of language varieties offer an ideal platform for investigating Sprachbünde. Presently, China hosts at least two Sprachbünde that align with rigorous criteria: the Western Lingnan Sprachbund in South China and the Amdo Sprachbund in Northwest China. The close interactions and interplay among these linguistic groups have not only facilitated the mutual influence of language structures and cultural practices but have also left an impact on the genetic makeup of these communities. These findings underscore the intricate and variable nature of communal interactions within Sprachbünde, making them of significant value to fields such as linguistics and anthropology, warranting further in-depth exploration.