2D Materials towards sensing technology: From fundamentals to applications

2D materials raised extensive attention for physical-, chemical-and wearable-sensors, among others. The prin-cipal reason is the outstanding capability of 2D materials to detect specific analytes and physical stimuli through diverse responses. After a short introduction to 2D materials, a critical explanation of sensors containing 2D materials is provided to justify their applications. Following by a description of the most relevant transduction mechanisms of 2D materials employed for sensing. This review explores their advancement and implementation in sensing during the last decade in several areas, such as physical, chemical, bio and wearable sensors. Different types of 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), 2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals (MXenes) and black phosphorus (BP), are considered.