Artificial intelligence and semantic web are two closely related concepts, both highly controversial and rather elusive, also because they are subject to definitions that are as numerous as conflicting. Trying to put these definitions in order, one could identify, for each of the two concepts examined, a weaker conception, a stronger one and an intermediate one. Strong artificial intelligence aims to build machines with autonomy, consciousness and understanding comparable to those of a human being; the weak one is satisfied with developing automatic mechanisms for acquiring, processing and applying data; the intermediate one enhances these mechanisms, allowing them to produce sophisticated forecasts on a statistical basis. The strong semantic web aims at a single universal information environment, provided with always correct, complete and updated data that can be understood by applications capable of managing independently searches, comparisons and choices hitherto reserved for humans; the weak one simply increases the quantity and improves the quality of the data available online; the intermediate one uses specific protocols to strengthen, in particular, data accessibility, interoperability and automatic usability. The two strong conceptions refer to projects that are probably utopian, certainly controversial and – for someone – even dangerous. The two weak conceptions refer to technological achievements that are already widespread today and, in general, not particularly problematic. The two intermediate concepts are currently more 'cutting edge' from a technological point of view and more relevant from a library point of view. 

Intelligenza artificiale e web semantico sono due concetti strettamente connessi fra loro, entrambi assai controversi e piuttosto sfuggenti, anche perché soggetti a definizioni tanto numerose quanto discordanti. Cercando di fare ordine fra tali definizioni si potrebbero individuare, per ciascuno dei due concetti esaminati, una concezione più debole, una più forte e una intermedia. L’intelligenza artificiale forte si prefigge di costruire macchine dotate di autonomia, coscienza e comprensione paragonabili a quelle di un essere umano; quella debole si accontenta di produrre meccanismi automatici di acquisizione, elaborazione e applicazione di dati; quella intermedia potenzia tali meccanismi, consentendo loro di produrre sofisticate previsioni su base statistica. Il web semantico forte mira a un unico ambiente informativo universale, provvisto di dati sempre corretti, completi e aggiornati che siano comprensibili da parte di software capaci di svolgere autonomamente ricerche, confronti e scelte finora riservati agli umani; quello debole si limita a incrementare la quantità e a migliorare la qualità dei dati disponibili online; quello intermedio utilizza specifici protocolli per aumentare, in particolare, l’accessibilità, l’interoperabilità e l’usabilità automatica dei dati. Le due concezioni forti rinviano a progetti probabilmente utopici, sicuramente controversi e per alcuni persino pericolosi. Le due concezioni deboli si riferiscono a realizzazioni tecnologiche già oggi molto diffuse e, in linea di massima, non particolarmente problematiche. Le due concezioni intermedie sono quelle attualmente più ‘di frontiera’ dal punto di vista tecnologico e più rilevanti dal punto di vista bibliotecario.

Intelligenza artificiale e web semantico: nessi reciproci, ambiguità e definizioni

Riccardo Ridi
2023-01-01

Abstract

Artificial intelligence and semantic web are two closely related concepts, both highly controversial and rather elusive, also because they are subject to definitions that are as numerous as conflicting. Trying to put these definitions in order, one could identify, for each of the two concepts examined, a weaker conception, a stronger one and an intermediate one. Strong artificial intelligence aims to build machines with autonomy, consciousness and understanding comparable to those of a human being; the weak one is satisfied with developing automatic mechanisms for acquiring, processing and applying data; the intermediate one enhances these mechanisms, allowing them to produce sophisticated forecasts on a statistical basis. The strong semantic web aims at a single universal information environment, provided with always correct, complete and updated data that can be understood by applications capable of managing independently searches, comparisons and choices hitherto reserved for humans; the weak one simply increases the quantity and improves the quality of the data available online; the intermediate one uses specific protocols to strengthen, in particular, data accessibility, interoperability and automatic usability. The two strong conceptions refer to projects that are probably utopian, certainly controversial and – for someone – even dangerous. The two weak conceptions refer to technological achievements that are already widespread today and, in general, not particularly problematic. The two intermediate concepts are currently more 'cutting edge' from a technological point of view and more relevant from a library point of view. 
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
ridi - intelligenza artificiale e web semantico.pdf

non disponibili

Tipologia: Versione dell'editore
Licenza: Accesso chiuso-personale
Dimensione 166.69 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
166.69 kB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in ARCA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10278/5027760
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact