POPPER’S THIRD WORLD AND MENTEFACTS The philosopher Karl Popper (1902-1994) theorized the existence, alongside the physical world of matter and the psychological world of thought, of a ‘third world’ reserved for the ‘objective knowledge’ contained in theories, narratives, technologies, works of art and other creations (especially, but not exclusively, the abstract ones) of human beings, not entirely reducible - in his opinion - to the corresponding psychic phenomena that occur in the minds of certain people. This theory, rather fortunate in the field of information sciences, however, involves many inconsistencies and implausibility, largely due to the excessively disparate types of content that Popper, in his numerous writings on the subject, places within his third world. Among the various attempts to resize, rationalize and make Popper’s third world more coherent and usable, it is particularly promising (although not entirely problem-free) the one linked to the concept (chronologically prior to Popper's theory) of ‘mentefact’, outlined by the sociologist Earle Edward Eubank (1887-1945), introduced in information sciences by Barbara Kyle (1913-1966) and recently revived by Claudio Gnoli in two articles published in 2018 and 2019. Mentefacts, for Eubank, Kyle and Gnoli, are all abstract (or immaterial) entities created by human beings, which are opposed to concrete (or material) objects built by humans themselves, called ‘artefacts’, and which should not be confused with the corresponding psychological phenomena, which are merely subjective. A typical relationship between artefacts and mentefacts of particular interest for information sciences is the one which identifies intentional human documents in the union of an artefact (physical carrier) with a mentefact (information content).

Il filosofo Karl Popper (1902-1994) ha teorizzato l’esistenza, accanto al mondo fisico della materia e a quello psicologico del pensiero, di un «terzo mondo» riservato alla «conoscenza oggettiva» contenuta nelle teorie, nelle narrazioni, nelle tecnologie, nelle opere d’arte e nelle altre creazioni (soprattutto, ma non esclusivamente, astratte) degli esseri umani, non interamente riducibile – a suo avviso – ai corrispondenti fenomeni psichici che si verificano nelle menti di determinate persone. Tale teoria, piuttosto fortunata nell’ambito delle scienze dell’informazione, implica però numerose incoerenze e implausibilità, in gran parte dovute alle eccessivamente disparate tipologie di contenuti che Popper, nei suoi numerosi scritti sull’argomento, colloca all’interno del suo terzo mondo. Fra i vari tentativi di ridimensionare, razionalizzare e rendere più coerente e utilizzabile il terzo mondo popperiano risulta particolarmente promettente (sebbene non del tutto privo di problematicità) quello legato al concetto (cronologicamente anteriore alla teoria di Popper) di «mentefatto», delineato dal sociologo Earle Edward Eubank (1887-1945), introdotto nelle scienze dell’informazione da Barbara Kyle (1913-1966) e recentemente ripreso da Claudio Gnoli in due articoli pubblicati nel 2018 e nel 2019. I mentefatti, per Eubank, Kyle e Gnoli, sono tutte le entità astratte (o immateriali) create dagli esseri umani, che si contrappongono agli oggetti concreti (o materiali) costruiti dagli stessi umani, denominati «manufatti», e che non vanno confusi coi corrispondenti fenomeni psicologici, meramente soggettivi. Una tipica relazione fra manufatti e mentefatti di particolare interesse per le scienze dell’informazione è quella che identifica i documenti umani intenzionali nell’unione di un manufatto (supporto fisico) con un mentefatto (contenuto informativo).

Il terzo mondo di Popper e i mentefatti

Riccardo Ridi
2022-01-01

Abstract

POPPER’S THIRD WORLD AND MENTEFACTS The philosopher Karl Popper (1902-1994) theorized the existence, alongside the physical world of matter and the psychological world of thought, of a ‘third world’ reserved for the ‘objective knowledge’ contained in theories, narratives, technologies, works of art and other creations (especially, but not exclusively, the abstract ones) of human beings, not entirely reducible - in his opinion - to the corresponding psychic phenomena that occur in the minds of certain people. This theory, rather fortunate in the field of information sciences, however, involves many inconsistencies and implausibility, largely due to the excessively disparate types of content that Popper, in his numerous writings on the subject, places within his third world. Among the various attempts to resize, rationalize and make Popper’s third world more coherent and usable, it is particularly promising (although not entirely problem-free) the one linked to the concept (chronologically prior to Popper's theory) of ‘mentefact’, outlined by the sociologist Earle Edward Eubank (1887-1945), introduced in information sciences by Barbara Kyle (1913-1966) and recently revived by Claudio Gnoli in two articles published in 2018 and 2019. Mentefacts, for Eubank, Kyle and Gnoli, are all abstract (or immaterial) entities created by human beings, which are opposed to concrete (or material) objects built by humans themselves, called ‘artefacts’, and which should not be confused with the corresponding psychological phenomena, which are merely subjective. A typical relationship between artefacts and mentefacts of particular interest for information sciences is the one which identifies intentional human documents in the union of an artefact (physical carrier) with a mentefact (information content).
2022
7/2
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10278/3749209
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