The earliest literary expressions of Jewish mysticism (Hekhalot literature and the Sefer Yeṣirah, Mesopotamia and Palestine, 4th to 7th centuries) are relatively independent from symbolism and intertextuality based on the Bible. By developing a spiritual discourse of its own and resorting to quotations from Scripture only as prooftexts, this literature shows very scant interest for mystical exegesis of Scripture – though the ascetic and ascensional techniques of Merkabah mysticism had precise literary antecedents (and possibly even practical ones) in Scripture (e.g., in the stories about Elijah and Elisha). In later mystical literature from Iberia and Provence (Sefer Bahir, Sefer ha-Zohar, Yosef Giqatilla, 11th to 13th centuries), mythologies that had originally been independent from Scripture (e.g., about the origin of evil) were gradually more deeply grounded in it by systemically resorting to intertextuality and mystical exegesis of biblical episodes and themes. Along with the textualization of the Talmud in medieval Ashkenaz, the rooting of Jewish mysticism in Scripture in Sefarad became a structurally crucial process in the making of medieval rabbinic Judaism.
Nei testi mistici ebraici postbiblici più antichi si osserva un rapporto con la Scrittura poco sistematico, anzi spesso secondario e aggiuntivo, che non possiamo escludere sia stato sovrapposto ai testi originali nel corso della loro tradizione testuale medievale, allo scopo di ancorarli più saldamente alla prima fonte della tradizione. Con il passare dei secoli, fino al medioevo e alle prime formulazioni della qabbalah cosiddetta classica, la presenza della Scrittura nei testi mistici divenne sempre più organica e sistemica: strutturale, strutturata e strutturante. Questo movimento, o procedimento, andò di pari passo con la testualizzazione della cultura talmudica nella diaspora franco-renana e germanica, cioè la fissazione del Talmud Babilonese come testo prescrittivo di diritto applicato, sostituendo con esso una pratica del diritto religioso che era rimasta fino ad allora prevalentemente fedele alle tecniche orali che erano le sole in origine legittimate nello stesso Talmud. Entrambi i processi, testualizzazione del Talmud e Scritturalizzazione della qabbalah, culminarono nello stesso periodo, tra l’XI secolo e l’inizio del XIII, rispettivamente in Aškenaz e Sefarad, rispondendo di fatto a una medesima esigenza.
Sulle radici bibliche della mistica ebraica
Piero Capelli
2021-01-01
Abstract
The earliest literary expressions of Jewish mysticism (Hekhalot literature and the Sefer Yeṣirah, Mesopotamia and Palestine, 4th to 7th centuries) are relatively independent from symbolism and intertextuality based on the Bible. By developing a spiritual discourse of its own and resorting to quotations from Scripture only as prooftexts, this literature shows very scant interest for mystical exegesis of Scripture – though the ascetic and ascensional techniques of Merkabah mysticism had precise literary antecedents (and possibly even practical ones) in Scripture (e.g., in the stories about Elijah and Elisha). In later mystical literature from Iberia and Provence (Sefer Bahir, Sefer ha-Zohar, Yosef Giqatilla, 11th to 13th centuries), mythologies that had originally been independent from Scripture (e.g., about the origin of evil) were gradually more deeply grounded in it by systemically resorting to intertextuality and mystical exegesis of biblical episodes and themes. Along with the textualization of the Talmud in medieval Ashkenaz, the rooting of Jewish mysticism in Scripture in Sefarad became a structurally crucial process in the making of medieval rabbinic Judaism.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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