Offshoring to high and low income countries and the labor demand. Evidence from Italian Firms

Making use of an original data set the effects of imports of intermediates from high and low income countries on the conditional labor demand of a panel of Italian manufacturing firms are investigated. A dynamic panel data model is estimated by means of system GMM allowing for the endogeneity of the right-hand side regressors, especially the offshoring measures. The results bear a negative offshoring effect which is attributable exclusively to imports of intermediates from low income trading partners and mainly concerns firms operating in traditional sectors. No statistically significant effect is estimated for imports from high income countries. These findings are robust to the different measures of offshoring and to the inclusion of further controls. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.