Cu/Ag-based bifunctional nanoparticles obtained by one-pot laser-assisted galvanic replacement

We have prepared, for the first time, stable and uncapped Ag/Cu-based bifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) (BFNPs) in water, by combining ps laser ablation in liquid environment and galvanic replacement. The particles were obtained in a single step by 1,064 nm irradiation of a Cu target in water solutions of AgNO3 or AgNO2. Under proper salt concentration and irradiation conditions, the laser beam activates formation of deep orange colloids, which are positively charged and stable for weeks. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis showed a predominance of composite crystalline nanostructures with size in the 1–15 nm range and consisting of fcc Ag and fcc Cu (or its oxides). While CuO tenorite crystalline phase was detected by HRTEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis permitted to observe also the Cu(I) oxidation state of Cu, being the Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio different in the samples obtained in AgNO3 or AgNO2 baths. Functionalization with organic ligands and subsequent Raman tests demonstrated the SERS activity of the BFNPs and the existence of different complexing surface sites.