Assessing human happiness in John Tillotson's Sermons

This thesis is an analysis of the theme of human happiness in the Sermons written by Archbishop John Tillotson (1630-1694). Tillotson is today considered as one of the most important and influential members of the Latitudinarian group, a movement which generated inside the Church of England after the Restoration in 1660s and was renowned for the style of the sermons and the accent posed on morality and practical issues rather than theological matters. Part One is dedicated to the Latitudinarian movement, with a brief description of the historical background, of the theology it promoted and of the sermon style it encouraged. There is also a section dedicated to Tillotson’s life and style. Part Two and Three instead are devoted to the theme of happiness which is analysed in its connection to the single individual and to society. In Part Two the accent is posed on the possibility of educating men to goodness and happiness, teaching them how to use their reason and conscience in a profitable way. There is also an investigation of the ways in which Tillotson tried to encourage his audiences, focusing attention on the advantages that they might derive from doing good and living a morally upright life. This analysis leads the discussion to the use of self-love as an incitement to promote morality and reformation of manners. Part Three is centred on the relationship of happiness and society, and the accent is posed on the necessity of encouraging people to be charitable and to improve society by caring for the poor. The means used to spur men to action are advantages and interest. In talking about the necessity of charitable actions, Tillotson also questions the role played by providence in men’s lives and in the government of the state.