Analytical and biological studies on the immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids in fish aquaculture

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Ferula hermonis roots and Silybum marianum seeds on Methidathion induced oxidative stress in Siganus rivulatus fish. Fish health status was evaluated through stress biomarkers (LPO, ALT, and LDH), in addition to total cholesterol. Normal and stressed fish tissue were subjected to histo-pathological investigation. Moreover, a holistic picture about all detectable metabolites including the known and unknown compounds in Ferula hermonis roots and Silybum marianum seeds was performed through HPLC-HRMS. LC50 of Methidathion for Siganus rivulatus fish was determined via bath route for 24 hours, and it was about 7.5ug/l. Our results showed a significant increase in the serum ALT, LDH activities, and lipid peroxidation products (MDA) in tissue homogenates (hepatopancreas, gills, and muscles) compared to control group. With exception to total cholesterol, which exhibit a significant decrease, in the toxin treated group. The histological observation of this study support our research about the protective effects of Ferula hermonis roots and Silybum marianum seeds on Methidathion induce oxidative stress in Siganus rivulatus fish. Our study provides a new insight into the potential alternative therapeutic solution to Aquaculture contamination by organophosphate insecticides in general.