Greeneer syntheses & solvents for fine and pharmaceutical chemicals

In this PhD thesis new eco-friendly methodologies for the preparation of fine and pharmaceutical chemicals are presented. A set of carbonate ionic liquids were prepared using a new green procedure. The obtained CILs have been used as base catalysts for the condensation of aldehydes and ketones with nitroalkanes without the addition of solvent. CILs were further reacted with both water and protic acids to produce anion exchanged ionic liquids. Nitrate phosphonium ionic liquids were able to promote electrophilic aromatic oxychlorination without the addition of solvent. The preparation of Tadalafil using more enviromental compatible solvents and reactants was studied. The use of ionic liquids and dimethylcarbonate as solvents was considered in order to improve the overall mass index of the preparation. In partnership with Galentis S.r.l. we sought new synthetic methodologies for the preparations of the following compounds: i) chlorinated [2.2]-p-cyclophanes (polymer intermediates) ii) trimethylorthoesters (used for steroids derivatisation) and iii) furaniminium bromide (intermediate in the Loperamide preparation).