This chapter examines the historical circumstances in which ‘pueri’ (Roman boys under the age of 17, the minimum age for enlistment) were recruited into the army during the Republican time. After beginning with scattered incidents dating from 402 and 234 BC, it focuses on the legislative measures that authorised the enlistment of ‘minors’ during the emergency of the Second Punic War (216 and 212 BC). It also considers historical examples of young men who were actually recruited during this period, such as Publius Cornelius Scipio, the future Africanus, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul in 187 and 175 BC) and Marcus Porcius Cato the Censor. The scrutiny deals with instances dating to 2nd century BCE, at the end of which the tribune of the plebs Gaius Sempronius Gracchus re-established the minimum age of 17 as a requirement for enlistment, which was later cancelled once again by the consul Marcus Junius Silanus in 109 BC to face the invasion of the Cimbri. Further historical cases from the second century (Ligustinus, Gaius Livius Drusus, Lucius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, Tiberius and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus) are examined. Conclusions attempt to answer the question in the title, with a view to understanding to what extent the enlistment of ‘pueri’ during the Republic can be seen as a way to face emergency situations or, conversely, whether their military participation in the Republican army could be structural. It also links the early enlistments to the legal age requirements to access the 'cursus honorum'.
Il capitolo analizza i frangenti storici in cui dei 'pueri' (ragazzi romani minori di 17 anni, età minima per l’arruolamento) furono reclutati nell’esercito durante l’epoca repubblicana. Dopo aver preso le mosse da sporadici episodi datati al 402 e al 234 a.C., il contributo si concentra sui provvedimenti legislativi che autorizzarono l’arruolamento di 'minorenni' durante l’emergenza della seconda guerra punica (216 e 212 a.C.). Si propongono, inoltre, esempi storici di ragazzi che furono effettivamente reclutati in questo periodo, quali Publio Cornelio Scipione, il futuro Africano, Marco Emilio Lepido (console nel 187 e 175 a.C.) e Marco Porcio Catone, passato alla storia come il Censore. L’analisi prosegue con il II secolo, nei cui decenni finali il tribuno della plebe Gaio Sempronio Gracco ristabilì il limite minimo dei 17 anni come requisito dell’arruolamento, che fu poi nuovamente abolito dal console Marco Giunio Silano nel 109 a.C. per fronteggiare l’invasione dei Cimbri. Ulteriori casi storici per il II secolo (Ligustino, Gaio Livio Druso, Lucio Cornelio Scipione Emiliano, Tiberio e Gaio Sempronio Gracco) sono presi in considerazione. Nelle conclusioni si cerca di rispondere all’interrogativo posto nel titolo e di comprendere fino a che punto il reclutamento di 'pueri' durante la Repubblica sia da ricondurre a circoscritte situazioni emergenziali o, per converso, in quale misura la loro presenza nell’esercito repubblicano fosse strutturale.
Emergenza o normalità? L'arruolamento dei "pueri" nell'esercito repubblicano
Sara Borrello
2026
Abstract
This chapter examines the historical circumstances in which ‘pueri’ (Roman boys under the age of 17, the minimum age for enlistment) were recruited into the army during the Republican time. After beginning with scattered incidents dating from 402 and 234 BC, it focuses on the legislative measures that authorised the enlistment of ‘minors’ during the emergency of the Second Punic War (216 and 212 BC). It also considers historical examples of young men who were actually recruited during this period, such as Publius Cornelius Scipio, the future Africanus, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul in 187 and 175 BC) and Marcus Porcius Cato the Censor. The scrutiny deals with instances dating to 2nd century BCE, at the end of which the tribune of the plebs Gaius Sempronius Gracchus re-established the minimum age of 17 as a requirement for enlistment, which was later cancelled once again by the consul Marcus Junius Silanus in 109 BC to face the invasion of the Cimbri. Further historical cases from the second century (Ligustinus, Gaius Livius Drusus, Lucius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, Tiberius and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus) are examined. Conclusions attempt to answer the question in the title, with a view to understanding to what extent the enlistment of ‘pueri’ during the Republic can be seen as a way to face emergency situations or, conversely, whether their military participation in the Republican army could be structural. It also links the early enlistments to the legal age requirements to access the 'cursus honorum'.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Borrello, S. (2026) Emergenza o normalità. L_arruolamento dei pueri nell_esercito repubblicano.pdf
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