The chapter maps contemporary Chinese documentary, distinguishing between the vast body of work aimed at the domestic market and the more limited international circulation, and clarifying the impact of state control (visa regimes, funding channels) and the resulting archival “invisibility” of large swaths of films. The turning point of the 1980s, linked to Deng’s reforms, fostered the emergence of an independent/“underground” cohort and hybrid practices between fiction and the real; the trauma of Tiananmen acted as a catalyst, and the Hong Kong and Yamagata festivals became crucial platforms of exposure and cultural translation. Within this framework, two trajectories stand out: on the one hand, Wu Wenguang’s militant and pedagogical path (between everyday ethnography and the formation of production communities); on the other, Wang Bing’s integrated, holistic practice, which with West of the Tracks and subsequent works redraws the boundaries of Chinese cinema of the real. A broader cartography includes figures such as Jia Zhangke, Zhang Yuan, Wang Xiaoshuai, Cui Zi’en, Zhao Liang, Xu Xin, Liu Jiayin, Fan Jian, and Du Haibin, and considers the role of festivals and other curatorial institutions in the international legitimation of Chinese documentary cinema. In closing, the chapter registers the “artification” of nonfiction cinema and the attendant risks of detachment from popular contexts, but also the persistence of decentralized, low-budget practices rooted in the everyday: a plural and resilient ecosystem that accounts for the social, economic, and environmental transformations of contemporary China.
Il capitolo traccia una mappa del documentario cinese contemporaneo distinguendo tra la vasta produzione destinata al mercato interno e la più ristretta circuitazione internazionale, chiarendo l’impatto del controllo statale (visti, canali di finanziamento) e la conseguente “invisibilità” archivistica di ampie porzioni di opere. La svolta degli anni Ottanta, legata alle riforme di Deng, favorisce l’emergere di una leva indipendente/“underground” e di pratiche ibride tra finzione e reale; il trauma di Tiananmen agisce da catalizzatore e i festival di Hong Kong e Yamagata diventano piattaforme cruciali di esposizione e traduzione culturale. In questo quadro si impongono, da un lato, la traiettoria “militante” e pedagogica di Wu Wenguang (tra etnografia del quotidiano e formazione di comunità produttive), dall’altro il sistema olistico di Wang Bing, che con West of the Tracks e le opere successive ridisegna il perimetro del cinema del reale cinese. Una cartografia più ampia include autori come Jia Zhangke, Zhang Yuan, Wang Xiaoshuai, Cui Zi’en, Zhao Liang, Xu Xin, Liu Jiayin, Fan Jian e Du Haibin, e osserva il ruolo dei festival e di altre istituzioni curatoriali nella legittimazione internazionale del cinema documentario cinese. In chiusura, il capitolo registra l’“artificazione” del cinema del reale e i rischi di sradicamento dai contesti popolari, ma anche la persistenza di pratiche decentrate, a basso budget e radicate nel quotidiano: un ecosistema plurale e resistente che rende conto delle trasformazioni sociali, economiche e ambientali della Cina contemporanea.
Il documentario cinese contemporaneo. Uno sguardo planare
Marco Dalla Gassa
2025-01-01
Abstract
The chapter maps contemporary Chinese documentary, distinguishing between the vast body of work aimed at the domestic market and the more limited international circulation, and clarifying the impact of state control (visa regimes, funding channels) and the resulting archival “invisibility” of large swaths of films. The turning point of the 1980s, linked to Deng’s reforms, fostered the emergence of an independent/“underground” cohort and hybrid practices between fiction and the real; the trauma of Tiananmen acted as a catalyst, and the Hong Kong and Yamagata festivals became crucial platforms of exposure and cultural translation. Within this framework, two trajectories stand out: on the one hand, Wu Wenguang’s militant and pedagogical path (between everyday ethnography and the formation of production communities); on the other, Wang Bing’s integrated, holistic practice, which with West of the Tracks and subsequent works redraws the boundaries of Chinese cinema of the real. A broader cartography includes figures such as Jia Zhangke, Zhang Yuan, Wang Xiaoshuai, Cui Zi’en, Zhao Liang, Xu Xin, Liu Jiayin, Fan Jian, and Du Haibin, and considers the role of festivals and other curatorial institutions in the international legitimation of Chinese documentary cinema. In closing, the chapter registers the “artification” of nonfiction cinema and the attendant risks of detachment from popular contexts, but also the persistence of decentralized, low-budget practices rooted in the everyday: a plural and resilient ecosystem that accounts for the social, economic, and environmental transformations of contemporary China.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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