Enhancing Energy Security Resilience, Capabilities and Interoperability

How can the EU and NATO face the future hybrid threats coming from Russia, and other adversaries like China, in the energy sector during the green transition? Energy security is fundamentally the most vulnerable sector of national security and possesses the largest potential to destabilize a society. Both the green energy and technological transitions will increase vulnerabilities of new infrastructures, supply chain and technologies in the decades to come. The West therefore will need a ‘grand strategy’, to increase resilience and capabilities investing in innovation for new technologies (so called ‘Emerging Disruptive Technologies’/EDTs), defending the supply and value chain of critical materials and resources, and protect the new infrastructures. A closer and more efficient cooperation between the EU and NATO in these sectors becomes fundamental, as dual use technology could help in both the technological and energy transitions and hinder new non-kinetic warfare in these areas. The report contains the following sections: Introduction: A New GPC in Energy Security and Technological Transition; A New Strategy for the Energy-Resources-Climate Security Nexus; A New NATO-EU Cooperation in Hybrid Warfare and Technology; Recommendations for a Better NATO-EU Cooperation; and Conclusions