Comics, manga and graphic novels

Four main areas of interest can be discerned in research on comics translation, although with considerable overlaps. First, there is the study of the different strategies, processes and practices employed to translate comics depending on their geographical provenance and genre. Second is research on the history of comics translation as concerns, for instance, the function played by some publishers, literary agents and other mediators, with special reference to questions of copyright, ideology and censorship. Third, research on comics translation provides insight into how cultural and political identities are constructed, communicated and negotiated in graphic narratives. And fourth, there is research on inter-semiotic translation/adaptation between graphic narratives and other media/art forms, such as novels, films, video games, sculpture and theatre.