European Unity and the 'Enemies of Humankind': The French Revolution, Napoleon and the Case of Russia, 1791–1814

The chapter discusses the relevance and meaning of anti-Russian tropes for European views about war, international law and European self-understanding. It compares the Russian case to other, similar, ones. Its main focus is on the period 1791–1814, from the French Revolution to Napoleon's campaign, but earlier and later events, and disputes over international law from the eighteenth up to the twentieth century, are also recalled.