Transformative paths, multi-scalarity of knowledge bases and Industry 4.0

This chapter discusses the role of combinatorial knowledge and its multi- scalarity in shaping the transformation paths of local productive systems (LPSs) that are affected by the gales of contemporary technological change. Specifically, we look at how access to – and the combination of – different knowledge bases at different territorial scales (local/ regional, national, international/ global) can support different paths of industrial upgrading for LPSs in the face of the challenges posed by Industry 4.0 (I4.0).

This chapter discusses the role of combinatorial knowledge and its multi- scalarity in shaping the transformation paths of local productive systems (LPSs) that are affected by the gales of contemporary technological change. Specifically, we look at how access to – and the combination of – different knowledge bases at different territorial scales (local/regional, national, inter- national/global) can support different paths of industrial upgrading for LPSs in the face of the challenges posed by Industry 4.0 (I4.0). We adopt the I4.0+ (plus) perspective dwhich aims to address sustainable development