Il concetto di impero sotto i Giulio-Claudi

The essay shows how in the battle of Actium two ideas of empire con‑ flicted. On the one hand, the conception represented by Marc Antony, symbolized by his clothing deliberately aimed at including the peoples outside Italy in the Roman culture without obliterating their costumes and traditions. On the other hand, the conception promoted by Octavian, symbolized by the assumption of the toga as a customary clothing of the Roman citizens, which implied that the integration of non‑Italian peoples was subject to adhering to the Roman cultural system.