The sedimentary context of ex Cava a Filo originated in a karsic system with relic fluvio-karsic galleries. Such network of tunnels were excavated during an advanced moment of the Late Pleistocene. ex Cava a Filo testifies the presence of typical species closely related to cold climate and open environments with diffuse forested areas. Macromammals are represented by large artiodactyls, such as Bison priscus, Megaloceros giganteus and Capreolus capreolus, with the predominance of the largest species. Canis lupus is the only carnivorous determined in the site, and lagomorphs are represented by Lepus timidus. Fossils were recoveded as single bones, with the exception of mountain hare, represented by a complete skeleton. The small mammal assemblage of ex Cava a Filo is represented by 166 remains corresponding to 132 individuals. It is dominated by Microtus arvalis, a species widespread and often dominant in the Italian Peninsula around the Last Glacial Maximum. The environment surrounding the site was mainly characterized by open and dry meadows, while few low forested areas are testified by the presence of rare Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus cf. sylvaticus and Erinaceus europaeus. Chinomys nivalis and Marmota marmota, although rare, indicate cold climate conditions. The taphonomy analysis shows different accumulation causes: the site was likely a trap for most of the small mammals and few of them was probably hunted by diurnal bird of prey or small carnivores. Avifauna is represented by Lyrurus tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, and Falco tinnunculus. Such interesting association is quite rich in terms of species, and confirms the environmental context of deposition at ex Cava a Filo. An interesting tibia of bison shows anthropic signs on the bone surface, left by a lithic tool during the animal slaughtering.
Le faune di Cava a Filo si sono sedimentate entro un sistema di cavità carsiche a galleria. Queste gallerie costituiscono delle cavità relitte di origine fluvio-carsica, formatesi in un momento avanzato del Pleistocene Superiore. I resti faunistici sono pertinenti a specie tipiche di climi freddi ed ambienti aperti con limitate aree boschive. La macrofauna dominante è rappresentata da grandi artiodattili quali Bison priscus, Megaloceros giganteus e Capreolus capreolus. Canis lupus è il solo carnivoro presente nel sito e i lagomorfi sono rappresentati da Lepus timidus. I resti animali sono costituiti da accumuli di ossa singole, con l’eccezione dello scheletro completo di lepre bianca. I piccoli mammiferi sono rappresentati da 166 resti, corrispondenti a 132 individui. È dominante Microtus arvalis, una specie molto diffusa e spesso prevalente nella Penisola Italiana intorno all’Ultimo Massimo Glaciale. L’ambiente circostante il sito era caratterizzato da praterie aperte ed aride, mentre alcune aree boschive sono testimoniate dalla rara presenza di Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus cf. sylvaticus e Erinaceus europaeus. Chinomys nivalis e Marmota marmota, sebbene poco comunde, indicano condizioni di clima freddo. Dall’analisi tafonomica si deducono diverse cause d’accumulo: il sito era probabilmente una trappola per la maggior parte dei piccoli mammiferi ed alcuni di loro sono stati probabilmente predati da rapaci diurni o piccoli carnivori. L’avifauna è rappresentata da Lyrurus tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, e Falco tinnunculu. Tale associazione di specie conferma il contesto ambientale di Cava a Filo. Particolarmente interessanti risultano delle tracce antropiche su una tibia di bisonte, prodotte con strumenti litici durante la macellazione dell’animale.
Nota preliminare sulla sequenza UMG di ex Cava a Filo (Croara, BO): gli aspetti stratigrafico-sedimentari, paleontologici e antropici alla luce delle ultime indagini (2006-2016)
Elena Ghezzo;
2018-01-01
Abstract
The sedimentary context of ex Cava a Filo originated in a karsic system with relic fluvio-karsic galleries. Such network of tunnels were excavated during an advanced moment of the Late Pleistocene. ex Cava a Filo testifies the presence of typical species closely related to cold climate and open environments with diffuse forested areas. Macromammals are represented by large artiodactyls, such as Bison priscus, Megaloceros giganteus and Capreolus capreolus, with the predominance of the largest species. Canis lupus is the only carnivorous determined in the site, and lagomorphs are represented by Lepus timidus. Fossils were recoveded as single bones, with the exception of mountain hare, represented by a complete skeleton. The small mammal assemblage of ex Cava a Filo is represented by 166 remains corresponding to 132 individuals. It is dominated by Microtus arvalis, a species widespread and often dominant in the Italian Peninsula around the Last Glacial Maximum. The environment surrounding the site was mainly characterized by open and dry meadows, while few low forested areas are testified by the presence of rare Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus cf. sylvaticus and Erinaceus europaeus. Chinomys nivalis and Marmota marmota, although rare, indicate cold climate conditions. The taphonomy analysis shows different accumulation causes: the site was likely a trap for most of the small mammals and few of them was probably hunted by diurnal bird of prey or small carnivores. Avifauna is represented by Lyrurus tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, and Falco tinnunculus. Such interesting association is quite rich in terms of species, and confirms the environmental context of deposition at ex Cava a Filo. An interesting tibia of bison shows anthropic signs on the bone surface, left by a lithic tool during the animal slaughtering.
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